Toward interchangeable biologics

Algon: From Interchangeable Distributed Algorithms to Interchangeable Middleware

Programming in a distributed environment is a complex activity. Programmers need to be aware of issues unrelated to their domain of expertise, and are often unprepared for the challenges that distribution brings. Chief among these are the choice and application of different distributed algorithms, and the adaptation to evolving and emerging middleware systems. We have tackled both these problem...

Interchangeable backgrounds for cone afterimages.

Observations of afterimages indicate that red and green cone sensitivities can be modified jndependentiy by bieaehing. providing a way to estimate their sensitivities in the normal eye. The fovea1 afterimage of a red and green bipartite held is allowed to fade against a steady red background. A change of background color from red to green generally revives a bipartite afterimage. If two conditi...

Planar Interchangeable 2-terminal Routing

abstract Many practical routing problems such as BGA, PGA and test xture routing involve routing two-terminal nets on a plane with exchangeable pins. In this paper, we unify these diierent problems as instances of the Planar Interchangeable 2-Terminal Routing (PI2TR) problem. We formulate the problem as ows in a routing network. Secondly, we show that PI2TR is NP-complete by reduction from sati...

Guidelines on Similar Biologics

Plant-Made Biologics

1 The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA 2 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA 3Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy 4Department of Biological Sys...